Walkability Microscale Analysis:
PDF (Português (Brasil))

Keywords

walkability
virtual audits
built environment
Microscale Audit of Pedestrian Streetscapes

How to Cite

DESENNE SASAKI, N.; ZIGER DALGALLO, A.; FAVARÃO LEÃO, A. L.; KANASHIRO , M. . Walkability Microscale Analysis: : Application of MAPS-Global in a low-income neighborhood of a medium-sized Brazilian city. Revista de Morfologia Urbana, [S. l.], v. 10, n. 1, 2022. DOI: 10.47235/rmu.v10i1.233. Disponível em: http://revistademorfologiaurbana.org./index.php/rmu/article/view/233. Acesso em: 24 nov. 2024.

Abstract

The walkability microscale includes elements perceived by the pedestrian. To understand the impact of the microscale on walking, audit tools, including MAPS-Global, were developed to measure this relationship. Audits can have two approaches to capturing variables: in locus and online. Studies on the relationship between the built environment and active mobility in low-income neighborhoods in Brazilian cities seem to be limited. The application of MAPS-Global in countries with this profile has gaps to moderate the reliability and validity of virtual audits. The objective of the study is to evaluate the microscale of the built environment and its levels of walkability, through the application of the MAPS-Global tool, in a low-income neighborhood of a medium-sized Brazilian city. The empirical study was conducted in Londrina/PR in the Cinco Conjuntos neighborhood. A pilot study was conducted to verify the reliability between auditors and then apply the tool to the entire neighborhood using Google Street View images. The collected data were tabulated in scores, according to the MAPS-Global Data Dictionary. The scores obtained, in general, were low, which indicates that the neighborhood has unfavorable microscale characteristics for walking.

https://doi.org/10.47235/rmu.v10i1.233
PDF (Português (Brasil))

References

Adkins, A., Makarewicz, C., Scanze, M., Ingram, M. e Luhr, G. (2017) Contextualizing Walkability: Do Relationships Between Built Environments and Walking Vary by Socioeconomic Context?, Journal of the American Planning Association, 83(3), pp. 296-314. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1080/01944363.2017.1322527

Arellana, J., Saltarín, M., Larrañaga, A. M., Alvarez, V. e Henao, C. A. (2019) Urban walkability considering pedestrians’ perceptions of the built environment: a 10-year review and a case study in a medium-sized city in Latin America, Transport Reviews, 40(2), pp.183-203. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1080/01441647.2019.1703842

Bauman, A. E., Reis, R. S., Sallis, J. F., Wells, J. C., Loos, R. J.F., Martin, B. W., Alkandari, J. R., Andersen, L. B., Blair, S. N., Brownson, R. C., Bull, F. C., Craig, C. L., Ekelund, U., Goenka, S., Guthold, R., Hallal, P. C., Haskell, W. L., Heath, G. W., Inoue, S., Kahlmeier, S., Katzmarzyk, P. T., Kohl, H. W., Lambert, E. V., Lee, I. M., Leetongin, G., Lobelo, F., Marcus, B., Owen, N., Parra, D. C., Pratt, M., Puska, P., Ogilvie, D. e Sarmiento, O. L. (2012) Correlates of physical activity: Why are some people physically active and others not?, The Lancet, 380(9838), pp.258-271. Disponível em: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60735-1

Brownson, R. C., Hoehner, C. M., Day, K., Forsyth, A. e Sallis, J. F. (2009) Measuring the Built Environment for Physical Activity. State of the Science, American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 36(4). Disponível em: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2009.01.005

Bussab, W. D. O. e Morettin, P. A. (2010) Estatística básica. São Paulo, Editora Saraiva.

Cain, K. L., Millstein, R. A., Sallis, J. F., Conway, T. L., Gavand, K. A., Frank, L. D., Saelens, B. E., Geremia, C. M., Chapman, J., Adams, M. A., Glanz, K. e King, A. C. (2014) Contribution of streetscape audits to explanation of physical activity in four age groups based on the Microscale Audit of Pedestrian Streetscapes (MAPS), Social Science and Medicine, 116, pp.82-92. Disponível em: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.06.042

Cain, K. L., Gavand, K. A., Conway, T. L., Geremia, C. M., Millstein, R. A., Frank, L. D., Saelens, B. E., Adams, M. A., Glanz, K., King, A. C. e Sallis, J. F. (2017) Developing and validating an abbreviated version of the Microscale Audit for Pedestrian Streetscapes (MAPS-Abbreviated), Journal of Transport and Health, 5, pp.84-96. Disponível em: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jth.2017.05.004

Cain, K. L., Geremia, C. M., Conway, T. L., Frank, L. D., Chapman, J. E., Fox, E. H., Timperio, A., Veitch, J., Van Dyck, D., Verhoeven, H., Reis, R., Augusto, A., Cerin, E., Mellecker, R. R., Queralt, A., Molina-García, J. e Sallis, J. F. (2018) Development and reliability of a streetscape observation instrument for international use: MAPS-global, International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 15(1), pp.1-11. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-018-0650-z

Elshahat, S., O’Rorke, M. e Adlakha, D. (2020) Built environment correlates of physical activity in low- And middle-income countries: A systematic review, PLoS ONE, 15(3), pp.1-19. Disponível em: http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0230454

Fox, E. H., Chapman, J. E., Moland, A. M., Alfonsin, N. E., Frank, L. D., Sallis, J. F., Conway, T. L., Cain, K. L., Geremia, C., Cerin, E., Vanwolleghem, G., Dyck, D. V., Queralt, A., Molina-García, J., Akira, A., Hino, F., Aparecido, A., Salmon, J., Timperio, A. e Kershaw, S. E. (2021) International evaluation of the Microscale Audit of Pedestrian Streetscapes (MAPS) Global instrument?: comparative assessment between local and remote online observers, International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 84, pp.1-15. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-021-01146-3

Frank, L. D., Sallis, J. F., Saelens, B. E., Leary, L., Cain, L., Conway, T. L. e Hess, P. M. (2010) The development of a walkability index: Application to the neighborhood quality of life study, British Journal of Sports Medicine, 44 (13), pp.924-933. Disponível em: 10.1136/bjsm.2009.058701

Fry, D., Mooney, S. J., Rodríguez, D. A., Caiaffa, W. T. e Lovasi, G. S. (2020) Assessing Google Street View Image Availability in Latin American Cities, Journal of Urban Health, 97, pp.552-560. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11524-019-00408-7

Geremia, C. e Cain, K. (2016) Microscale Audit of Pedestrian Streetscapes (MAPS) and Parks, Global Versions Table of Contents. http:// sallis.ucsd.edu/

Groat, L. e Wang, D. (eds) (2002) Architectural Research Methods. Danvers, John Wiley & Sons Incorporated.

Hino, A. A. F., Reis, R. S., Sarmiento, O. L., Parra, D. C. e Brownson, R. C. (2011) The built environment and recreational physical activity among adults in Curitiba, Brazil, Preventive Medicine, 52(6), pp.419-422. Disponível em: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2011.03.019

Hilland, T. A., Bourke, M., Wiesner, G., Garcia Bengoechea, E., Parker, A. G., Pascoe, M. e Craike, M. (2020) Correlates of walking among disadvantaged groups: A systematic review, Health and Place, 63, pp.1-12. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2020.102337

IBGE (2010) Censo de 2010. Disponivel em: https://censo2010.ibge.gov.br/

IBGE (2020) Panorama da cidade de Londrina. Disponível em: https://cidades.ibge.gov.br/brasil/pr/londrina/panorama

IPPUL (2019) Plano de Mobilidade de Londrina. Disponível em: http://ippul.londrina.pr.gov.br/index.php/plano-de-mobilidade.html

Lo, R. H. (2009) Walkability: What is it?, Journal of Urbanism, 2(2), pp.145–166. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1080/17549170903092867

Lopes, G. T. D. A., Urbano, M. R., Hino, A. A. F. e Kanashiro, M. (2021). Avaliação de uso de parques por meio de protocolos da saúde pública: um estudo comparativo, Ambiente Construído, 21(2), pp.225-241. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1590/s1678-86212021000200523

Manson, J. E., Hu, F. B., Rich-Edwards, J. W., Colditz, G. A., Stampfer, M. J., Willett, W. C., Speizer, F. E. e Hennekens, C. H. (2000) A Prospective Study of Walking as Compared with Vigorous Exercise in the Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease in Women, Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation, 20(1), pp.650-658. Disponível em: 10.1097/00008483-200001000-00014

Mason, P., Kearns, A. e Livingston, M. (2013) “Safe Going”: The influence of crime rates and perceived crime and safety on walking in deprived neighbourhoods, Social Science and Medicine, 91, pp.15-24. Disponível em: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2013.04.011

Millstein, R. A., Cain, K. L., Sallis, J. F., Conway, T. L., Geremia, C., Frank, L. D., Chapman, J., Van Dyck, D., Dipzinski, L. R., Kerr, J., Glanz, K. e Saelens, B. E. (2013) Development, scoring, and reliability of the Microscale Audit of Pedestrian Streetscapes (MAPS), BMC Public Health, 13(1), pp.403-418. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-13-403

Parra, D. C., Hoehner, C. M., Hallal, P. C., Ribeiro, I. C., Reis, R., Brownson, R. C., Pratt, M. e Simões, E. J. (2011) Perceived environmental correlates of physical activity for leisure and transportation in Curitiba, Brazil, Preventive Medicine, 52(3-4), pp.234-238. Disponível em: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2010.12.008

Phillips, C. B., Engelberg, J. K., Geremia, C. M.; Zhu, W., Kurka, J. M., Cain, K. L., Sallis, J. F., Conway, T. L. e Adams, M. A. (2017) ‘Online versus in-person comparison of Microscale Audit of Pedestrian Streetscapes (MAPS) assessments: Reliability of alternate methods’, International Journal of Health Geographics. 16, 27. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12942-017-0101-0

Queralt, A., Molina-García, J., Terrón-Pérez, M., Cerin, E., Barnett, A., Timperio, A., Veitch, J., Reis, R., Silva, A. A. P., Ghekiere, A., Van Dyck, D., Conway, T. L., Cain, K. L., Geremia, C. M. e Sallis, J. F. (2021) ‘Reliability of streetscape audits comparing on?street and online observations: MAPS-Global in 5 countries’, International Journal of Health Geographics, 20, 6. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12942-021-00261-5

Rundle, A. G., Bader, M. D. M., Richards, C. A., Neckerman, K. M. e Teitler, J. O. (2011) Using google Street View to audit neighborhood environments, American Journal of Preventive Medicine. 40(1), pp.94-100. Disponível em: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2010.09.034

R Core Team (2020) R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing.

Saelens, B. E. e Handy, S. L. (2008) Built environment correlates of walking: A review, Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 40(7), pp.550-566. Disponível em: 10.1249/MSS.0b013e31817c67a4

Sallis, J. F., Saelens, B. E., Frank, L. D., Conway, T. L., Slymen, D. J., Cain, K. L., Chapman, J. E. e Kerr, J. (2009) Neighborhood built environment and income: Examining multiple health outcomes, Social Science and Medicine, 68(7), pp.1285-1293. Disponível em: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2009.01.017

Sallis, J. F., Slymen, D. J., Conway, T. L., Frank, L. D., Saelens, B. E., Cain, K. e Chapman, J. E. (2011) Income disparities in perceived neighborhood built and social environment attributes, Health and Place, 17(6), pp.1274-1283. Disponível em: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2011.02.006

Sallis, J. F., Cain, K. L., Conway, T. L., Gavand, K. A., Millstein, R. A., Geremia, C. M, Frank, L. D., Saelens, B. E., Glanz, K. e King, A. C. (2015) Is Your Neighborhood Designed to Support Physical Activity? A Brief Streetscape Audit Tool. 12, pp.1-11. Disponível em: http://dx.doi.org/10.5888/pcd12.150098

Dos Santos, D. S., Hino, A. A. F. e Höfelmann, D. A. (2019) Iniquities in the built environment related to physical activity in public school neighborhoods in Curitiba, Paraná State, Brazil, Cadernos de Saúde Pública, 35(5), pp.1-13. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-311x00110218

Santos, L. M. C., Urbano, M. R., Leão, A. L. F. e Kanashiro, M. (2021) Microescala, movimento de pedestres e níveis socioeconômicos: um estudo empírico, Arquitetura Revista. 17(1), pp.17-29. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.4013/arq.2021.171.02

Southworth, M. (2005) Designing the Walkable City, Journal of Urban Planning and Development. 131(4), pp.246-257. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9488(2005)131:4(246).

Thorntona, C. M., Conway, T. L., Cain, K. L., Gavand, K. A., Saelens, B. E., Frank, L. D., Geremia, C. M., Glanz, K., King, A. C. e Sallis, J. F. (2016) Disparities in pedestrian streetscape environments by income and race/ethnicity, SSM - Population Health. 2, pp.206-216. Disponível em: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmph.2016.03.004

Ussery, E. N., Omura, J. D., Paul, P., Orr, J., Spoon, C., Geremia, C. e Carlson, S. A. (2019). Sampling methodology and reliability of a representative walkability audit, Journal of Transport and Health. 12, pp.75-85. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jth.2018.11.007

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Copyright (c) 2022 Nina Desenne Sasaki, Ayla Ziger Dalgallo, Ana Luiza Favarão Leão, Profa. Dra. Milena Kanashiro

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.